

Have you read any of the IPCC Sixth Assessment Reports?
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is arguably the most prominent and impactful scientific institution of our time. Their 6th Assessment Reports are the contemporary syntheses of leading scientific research on climate change, risks, mitigation and adaptation and they even contain sections on climate accounting, finance and investment (IPCC, 2022, pp. TS 122-26). But, if you work your way through these reports you struggle to find any research published in accounting and finance journals.
This may be bitterly disappointing to those researchers working at the nexus of accounting, sustainable development and climate change. There is no doubting the scale and scope of the IPCC, but there are many gaps waiting to be filled; gaps which could have been filled by existing accounting and finance research.
For example, they discuss “Innovative financing approaches” and “robust ‘green’ labelling and disclosure schemes”, yet the main focus is on forms of green financing, making no comment on the accounting infrastructures that construct “identifiable low-carbon investment opportunities” (Ibid. p. TS-125, emphasis added). Similar discussions on the need for “Ambitious global climate policy coordination” include arguments on “credible signalling” and “political leadership”, with no mention of the accounting devices underpinning goals-based governance and making that coordination, signalling and leadership possible.
Keeping 1.5°C alive requires a collective response from accounting and finance scholars, aimed at co-ordinating interventions and research that address these critical and pressing gaps in the Sixth Assessment Reports. We cannot allow the IPCC and policy makers to overlook our important research that could make a positive difference or signpost the tried and tested dead ends.
There are many possible reasons for our community being overlooked to date. But if we are to make a positive contribution to the IPCC then we need to change.
The uncomfortable fact is that our work is not being considered in the assessment review process, even when it can provide valuable insights on IPCC priorities. We could go on a ‘woe is me’ tirade, looking to blame others, like economists. Or we could just do something about it; engage.
To do this we need to reflect on questions such as, ‘could my research have contributed to IPCC?’, ‘how can my present and future research contribute to IPCC’ and ‘how could my research help reduce climate change risks?’. We also need to ensure that we, as the CSEAR community, plan and are ready to collectively approach the IPCC with our relevant insights for the next set of assessment reports.
Our special issue of SEAJ provides some contemporary examples of this work. For example:
- Bastien and Giordano-Spring (2021) demonstrate how TCFD stimulates and guides decentred sensemaking on climate change, but in the case of air transportation companies it was disconnected from the strategic and investment planning processes that lock in global emissions trajectories for the coming decades.
- Raeni, Thomson and Frandsen (2022), investigate how green funds were ‘tagged’ throughout their lifecycle from issuance to impact and explores the importance of how certain activities were categorised as climate-related as well as the designation of certain funds as exclusively ‘green’.
- Maaloul and Wegener’s (2021) analysis on greenhouse gas emissions disclosures from 2010 to 2016, show that only mandatory disclosures have a significant impact on the cost of debt. Therefore, if the financial system has the potential to exert considerable pressure on business and regulators, so we must continue studying how accounting can leverage that influence.
- Garcia-Torea, Giordano-Spring and Larrinaga (2021) offers an insightful counterpoint to the dominance of economics in IPCC syntheses of social science. This paper suggests that policymakers and IPCC scientists need to reflect on the impact of different GHG disclosure practices, and offers a series of research opportunities to integrate social and environmental accounting research findings into the IPCC process.
What we need to bear in mind is that the IPCC only works with peer-reviewed scientific publications and builds on its previous publications. This approach privileges new research findings (since their most recent reports) and research that can be integrated into interdisciplinary scientific research. Their 7th Assessment Reports are unlikely to include research that did not make it into previous six. Therefore, there is a need for new peer reviewed research that references and speaks to the issues already raised in IPCC reports.
So step one is to read and review previous IPCC reports.
This is a mammoth task, too big for one person, but not too big for the CSEAR community if we work together. Given that we only have 5 years until the likely cut off for the 7th Assessment Reports, we argue that it is now time to:
- launch research projects specifically designed to address policy-relevant climate challenges
- explore new analytical approaches that can illuminate and demonstrate the relevance of existing fieldwork and findings
- conduct extensive literature reviews that analyse our impressive body of scholarship to shed new light on its pertinence
- ensure that our manuscripts explicitly state their contribution to the existing IPCC reports and are published in outlets recognised by IPCC process.
Editor's note: Rob and Ian's commentary is open access (free to download) for all at the SEAJ website at: https://doi.org/10.1080/0969160X.2022.2085131. The contents of the rest of the special issue can be viewed here: https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/reaj20/42/1-2.

